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省略主语和be动词的情况

省略主语和be动词的情况

2023-12-18 15:51 1720浏览

省略主语和be动词是英语中一种很常见的语法现象,使用比较普遍,情况比较多,只有熟练记忆并掌握,才能在考试中拿到相应的分数。

省略主语和be动词的情况:

如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致,且从句的谓语含有be动词的某种形式(am/is/are/was/were),可同时省略从句的主语和be动词的某种形式

1、when,while引导的时间状语从句:

例如:

Be confident of success when (you are) running the company.

经营公司时要有成功的信心。

2、if,unless,once引导的条件状语从句:

例如:

If (it is) properly educated, child will become confident.

如果教育得当,孩子就会变得自信。

Once (you are) caught cheating in an exam, you will be punished.

3、though,although,whether,no matter when/what/how/who等引导的让步状语从句:

例如:

He was happy, though/although (he was) poor.

虽然他很穷,但他很快乐。

Whether (she is) sick or well, she is always cheerful.

不管她病了还是好了,她总是兴高采烈的。

4、as if,as though引导的方式状语从句:

例如:

He rubbed his eyes and yawned as if/though (he was) waking up after a long sleep.

他揉了揉眼睛,打了个哈欠,好像睡了很久才醒过来似的。

5、由 as,than 等引导的比较状语从句:

例如:

The exhibition is more interesting than(it was)expected.

这次展览比被预料的有趣的多。

注意:

(1)当从句的主语和主句的宾语一致时,间或也有这样的省略。

例如:

Her father told her to be careful when(she was)crossing the street.

当她过马路时父亲告诉她要当心。

(2)当从句的主语是it,谓语动词中又含有系动词be时,可以把it和系动词be一起省略。

例如:

Unless (it is) necessary,you'd better not refer to the dictionary.

如果没有必要,你最好不要查字典。

英语中常见的省略情况:

1、简单句的省略:

(1)祈使句的省略。在祈使句中,通常省略主语you。

(You)Go down this street and turn right at the second crossing.

(你)沿着这条街走,然后在第二个十字路口右转。

(2)There be句型的省略。

(Is there) Anything else? 

(还有)其他东西吗?

(3)疑问句的答语省略。

—Are you from America?

—Yes,I am (from America).

——你来自美国吗?

—是的,我是(来自美国)。

(4)感叹句的省略。在what和how引起的感叹句中常省略主语和be动词。

What a beautiful city (it is)!

(这是)多么美丽的城市呀!

2、并列句中的省略:

在由and或but连接的并列句中,常省略一些重复的词或词组。

He went out of the room and (he) closed the door.

他走出房间,关上门。

The news made me angry,but (the news made)Johnhappy.

这条消息使我生气,却让约翰高兴。

3、复合句中的省略:

(1)宾语从句的省略。

宾语从句中,连词that常省略,但当有多个并列宾语从句时,只能省略第一个that。

He said (that) the text was very important and that we should learn it by heart.

他说这篇课文很重要,我们应该牢记在心。

(2)定语从句中的省略。

若引导定语从句的关系代词在从句中作宾语,该关系代词一般可省略。

The car(which/that)his father gave him as a birthday present was stolen.

他父亲作为生日礼物送给他的那辆汽车被盗了。

4、几种特殊的省略:

(1)比较结构的省略。

在“the+比较级,the+比较级”结构中和由than和as引导的比较句式中,常会有一些成分在上下文清楚的情况下被省略。

The sooner(you do it), the better(it will be).

(你做得)越快(结果就会)越好。

They don't use more water than (it is) necessary.

他们使用的水没有超出需要量。

(2)不定式的省略。

①并列的不定式可以省略后面的不定式符号to,但若两个不定式之间表示对比关系时,不省略to。

The book is intended to be read and not (to) be tom.

这本书是供人阅读的而不是供人撕毁的。

The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier,not to make it more difficult.

新技术的目的是要让生活更轻松自在,而不是让生活更困难。

②某些使役动词(如:make,let,have等)和感官动词(如:see,watch,notice,observe等)后面作宾补的不定式须省略to,但若这些动词用于被动语态,则to不省略。

My mother wouldn't let me go to see the film.

我妈妈不会让我去看电影的。

He was noticed to leave the office.

有人注意到他离开了办公室。

③不定式to后面的内容也可承前省略,此时所省略的成分相当于do so,但一定要有上下文语境。但倘若承前省略的不定式含有作助动词用的have,be的任何形式,to后要保留原形have或be。

I would do it for you, but I don't know how to (do it foryou).

我愿意为你做这件事,但是我不知怎么去做。

She has succeeded in the final examination,but in fact,she ought to have (succeeded in the final examination).

她在期末考试中取得了成功,而实际上,她本就该获得成功。

④介词but,except(除了)前有实义动词do的具体形式时,后面的不定式不带to。

All he could do was nothing but wait and see.

⑤why (not)…之后的不定式不能带to。

Why (not) go with him?为什么(不)和他一起去呢?

⑥当主语部分有动词do的某种形式时,用作表语的不定式可以省略to。

The only thing to do now is (to) go on.

前进是现在唯一的出路。

(3)虚拟语气中的省略。

①虚拟条件句常省略if,而将were,had,should 提前,构成部分倒装。

Had you come here yesterday,you would have met her. 

=If you had come here yesterday,you would have met her.

如果你昨天来这儿的话,你就会见到她了。

②动词advise,suggest(建议),propose,demand, insist(坚持要求),require,command,recommend,order 等后的宾语从句及 It is...that..主语从句中常省略表虚拟语气的should。

We insisted that they(should)go with us.

我们坚持要求他们和我们一起走。

It is necessary that we(should)learn more words by heart.

我们有必要多记一些单词。

(4)介词的省略。

①在英语中一些与动词、名词、形容词搭配的介词常被省略:spend time/money (in) doing sth;have difficulty/ trouble (in) doing sth;prevent/stop sb (from) doing sth。

She spends half an hour(in)doing some reading every day.

她每天花半小时读书。

I have some trouble(in)learning English.

我学英语有困难。

②表示时间的介词at,on和in用在next,last,this,each,these, yesterday,every,tomorrow 等词之前,一般可省略。

We have a final exam(in)every term.

每学期我们都举行一次期末考试。

(5)使用so,not等的省略。

英语中,可以使用so,not 或其他手段来省略上文或问句中的一部分或整个句子。

—Can I put my bike here?

—You'd better not.

——我可以把自行车放在这儿吗?

——你最好不要。

—Do you think our team will win?

—I think so.

——你认为我们队会赢吗?

——我认为是这样。

省略主语和be动词的情况习题:

( )1.Do you want to be healthy?______.Smiling can help you stay healthy.

A.Smile B.Smiling C.To smile D.Smiled

( )2.Let’s go to Disneyland in Shanghai in August,______?

A.shall we B.will you C.won’t you

( )3.—It is reported that cancer can be controlled at a temperature lower than 100℃ below zero.

—Really?______ nice surprise!

A.How B. What C. What a D. What an

( )4.—Tu You you has won the Nobel Prize.

—___ great she is!We Chinese are so proud of her.

A.What a B.What C.How a D.How

( )5.Let’s __ a noise,someone is sleeping.

A.not make B.no making C.not to make

( )6.— did you write to last night?

—A pen pal.

A.What B.Where C.Whom

( )7. —Have you watched the boat races this Dragon Boat Festival?

—Yes. _ _ wonderful races!

A.What an B. What a

C. What D. How

( )8.—Tony,look at the books!What a mess! !

—Okay!Okay!

A.Put them away B.Put it on

C.Put away them D.Put them on

( )9.—____ is the nearest hospital from here?

—Er,it’s about ten minutes’ walk.

A.How long B.How far C.How often

( )10. —_____ do you go to Mrs Rainbow’s colour therapy?

—Once every two weeks.

A.How often B. How soon C. How long D. How far

答案:

1—5 AACDA

6—10CCABA

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