宾语从句和定语从句的区别

在英语的学习中，有三大从句：宾语从句（在句子中起宾语作用的从句）、定语从句（在复合句中修饰名词、代词的从句）、以及状语从句（在复合句中由从句表示的状语）。

宾语从句和定语从句的区别 ：

1、宾语从句：

定语从句=先行词+关系词+从句，指被定语从句修饰的名词、代词。一般先行词出现在定语从句的前面。关系词常有3个作用：连接作用，连接主句和定语从句。指代先行词。在定语从句中担当成分。只有主语+谓语动词，缺少宾语，整个从句充当句子宾语，（从句前面是一个动词）

2、定语从句：

主句是一般现在时，从句根据实际情况使用任何时态。例句：The headmaster hopes everything goes well。

主句是一般过去时，从句须用过去时态的某种形式。例句：She was sorry that she hadn’t finished her work on time.

当宾语从句表示的是一个客观真理或者事实真理时，即使主句是过去时，从句也用一般现在时态。例句：The teacher told his class that light travels faster than sound.

主谓宾完整，整个从句作为定语补充说明宾语这个先行词，（从句前面是一个名词）。

如何辨别宾语从句和定语从句：

1、定语从句

在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫作定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫“先行词”。引导定语从句的词叫关系代词或关系副词。

关系代词that引导的定语从句。that在从句中作主语或宾语，可以指人，也可以指物。

如：A plane is a machinethatcan fly. (作主语，指物)

That’s is the best hotelthatI know. (作宾语，指物)

Who is the manthatis reading a book over there? (作主语，指人)

The girlthatwe saw yesterday is Jim’s sister. (作宾语，指人)

关系代词which引导的定语从句。which在从句中作主语或宾语，只可以指物。

如：They planted some treeswhichdidn’t need much water. (作主语，指物)

The fishwhichwe bought this morning were not fresh. (作宾语，指物)

关系代词who和whom引导的定语从句。who和whom只可以指人，分别在从句中作主语或宾语，口语中通常用who代替whom。

如：The boywhobroke the window is called Tom. (作主语，指人)

The person towhomyou talked just now is Mr Smith. (作宾语，指人)

2、宾语从句

用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。引导宾语从句的词有：连词that, whether, if；连接代词who, whose, what, which；连接副词when, where, how, why等。

如：I doubtwhetherhe will succeed.

I wonderwhathe’s writing to me about.

I’ll tell youwhyI asked you to come.

宾语从句既可跟在及物动词后面，也可跟在介词后，还可跟在形容词后。

如：I don’t knowwho all the people are.

Please find outwhen the ship sails for New York.

He was afraidthat the other kids would laugh at him.

当宾语从句后有宾语补足语时，则需要用it做形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。

如：I finditstrangewhat she said at the meeting.

We have madeitclearthat we will learn to deal with various difficult problems.